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Kalawao, Hawaii
Kalawao is a location on the eastern side of the Kalaupapa Peninsula of the island of Molokai, in Hawaii, which was the site of Hawaii's leper colony between 1866 and the early 20th century. Thousands of people in total came to the island to live in quarantine. It was one of two settlements on Molokai, the other being Kalaupapa. Administratively Kalawao is part of Kalawao County.〔(Hawaii Revised Statutes §326-34 ), Hawaii. Retrieved 2007-11-17.〕
After the colony was established in 1866 by the legislature, with the intention of preventing the transmission of leprosy to others, a hospital, two churches and a number of homes were built here. In the early 1900s the Hawaii Board of Health began relocating patients to Kalaupapa, the settlement on the western side of the peninsula. Its climate was warmer and dryer, and access by sea was easier. A hospital complex was built at Kalawao to conduct research into Hansen's disease, and from 1909 to 1913 the US Leprosy Investigation Station was operated there. When that facility was closed, the settlement was abandoned in favor of Kalaupapa on the western side of the peninsula, about 3 miles away.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher=National Park Service )〕
The only buildings now remaining at Kalawao are the two churches, Siloama Congregationalist Church, established in 1866, and St Philomena Catholic Church, associated with the work of Father Damien, a Belgian Catholic missionary who came to the island in 1873. After 16 years service in the colony, in 1889 Father Damien died of leprosy and was buried in the churchyard. In January 1936, at the request of the Belgian government, Damien's body was repatriated to Belgium. After his beatification in June 1995, the remains of his right hand were returned to Hawaii, and re-interred in his original grave at Kalawao.
Near the two churches is Judd Park, a picnic site used by visitors, with dramatic views of the north shore of Molokai.
==References==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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